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| 全球计画著手处理开发中国家越来越多的癌症危机 | |
| 日前在瑞士日内瓦世界癌症研讨会的闭幕式中，宣布一个全球处理开发中国家越来越多癌症危机的雏型，该计画有11个行动步骤，是根据两年前的世界癌症宣言。 虽然许多富裕国家的癌症存活率有所改善，但开发中国家的意外与死亡率却恶化，此差距预期会越来越大；2007年全世界约有790万例癌症死亡，但是其中72%发生在中低收入国家，这些国家控制癌症的资源有限，甚至付诸闕如。 世界卫生组织主任Margaret Chan医师表示，较不富裕国家的癌症增加是一个逼近的灾难，现在应该将开发中国家的癌症控制列为优先事项。 根据世界癌症宣言，为了处理即将来临危机的此一计画，匯集了63名癌症专家和政策制定者，该小组指出需要降低抽菸率、肥胖、饮酒，也提出实施普遍的疫苗接种计画防止癌症，特别是预防肝癌的B型肝炎疫苗，以及预防子宫颈癌的人类乳突病毒疫苗。 其他步骤包括改善癌症病患的疼痛控制，特别是鸦片类止痛剂，这在开发中国家难以被使用；专家指出，全世界约有90%的吗啡使用在欧洲和北美。 另外一个步骤是，大眾教育活动，以消除有关癌症的迷思和错误观念；该小组表示，约有三分之一的癌症案例是可以预防的，其他三分之一如果早期发现且适当治疗是可以治癒的；菸草是引起许多癌症的单一最大可预防因素，但是在中低收入国家的抽菸人口增加，这仍旧是全球的一大问题。 该计画是在一场高峰会中汇整，共同主席是前任联合国人权事务高级专员Mary Robinson、国际抗癌联合会(UICC)即将卸任的主席Franco Cavalli医师；Cavalli医师是南瑞士肿瘤研究中心主任、瑞士Bern大学与义大利Varese大学的肿瘤科教授。 Robinson女士表示，癌症控制是一个人权问题，更重要的是，是一个人类尊严问题；她指出，实现世界癌症宣言是实际承诺的另一个步骤—一个愿景— 得以处理这个重大的世界健康议题。 该小组建议将目标设定在2020年，并列出许多优先行动；将配合两年一次的世界癌症研讨会，每两年提出这些目标的发展报告；下一届会议将在2010年8月18至21日於中国北京举行。 有关世界癌症宣言的详情，可以在UICC 网站获得，包括登入以支持此计画的细节。 Global Plan to Tackle Growing Cancer Crisis in Developing Countries A global template for tackling the growing cancer crisis in developing countries was announced yesterday at the close of the World Cancer Congress in Geneva, Switzerland. The plan proposes 11 action steps, and builds on the World Cancer Declaration adopted 2 years ago. Although survival rates from cancer are improving in the more affluent countries, both incident and death rates are worsening in the developing world, and this gap is expected to widen. Worldwide, cancer accounted for 7.9?million deaths in 2007, but 72% of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries, where resources available for cancer control are limited or nonexistent. \"The rise of cancer in less affluent countries is an impending disaster,\" said Margaret Chan, MD, director-general of the World Health Organization. \"The time is right to make cancer control a developmental priority.\" The plan for tackling the impending crisis, contained in the World Cancer Declaration, was put together by a group of 63 cancer experts and policy makers. The group highlighted the need to reduce tobacco consumption, obesity, and alcohol intake, and proposed implementing universal vaccination programs to prevent cancer, specifically for hepatitis?B to prevent liver cancer and for human papillomavirus to prevent cervical cancer. Other steps include improving the provision of pain relief for cancer patients, particularly opioid analgesics, which are hardly used in developing countries. Around 90% of worldwide morphine use occurs in Europe and North America, the experts pointed out. Another step proposed was for public education campaigns to dispel myths and misconceptions about cancer. About one third of cancer cases can be prevented, and another third can be cured if detected early and treated properly, the panel said. Tobacco is the single largest preventable cause of a range of different cancers, yet smoking continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries and remains a major global problem, experts pointed out. The plan was put together during a summit cochaired by Mary Robinson, former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, and Franco Cavalli, MD, outgoing president of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC). Dr. Cavalli is a director of the Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, in Bellinzona, and professor of medical oncology at the University of Bern, in Switzerland, and the University of Varese, in Italy. Cancer control is \"a question of human rights and, above all, it is a question of human dignity,\" Ms. Robinson commented. \"Adoption of the World Cancer Declaration is another step in a real commitment — a vision — of how to tackle this huge world-health issue,\" she added. The group recommended targets for 2020 and defined a list of priority actions. Progress reports on the targets will be produced every 2 years, to coincide with the biannual World Cancer Congress; the next one will be held in Beijing, China, August 18 to 21, 2010. Details about the World Cancer Declaration, including an option to sign in support for the plan, can be found on the UICC website. 发布时间：2008年09月09日 |
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